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''Scaevola'' is a genus of flowering plants in the ''Goodenia'' family, Goodeniaceae. It consists of more than 130 tropical species, with the center of diversity being Australia and Polynesia. Common names for ''Scaevola'' species include scaevolas, fan-flowers, half-flowers, and naupaka, the plant's Hawaiian name. The flowers are shaped as if they have been cut in half. Consequently, the generic name means "left-handed" in Latin. Many legends have been told to explain the formation of the naupaka's unique half flowers. In one version a woman tears the flower in half after a quarrel with her lover. The gods, angered, turn all naupaka flowers into half flowers and the two lovers remained separated while the man is destined to search in vain for another whole flower. ''Scaevola'' is the only Goodeniaceae genus that is widespread outside of Australia. In at least six separate dispersals, about 40 species have spread throughout the Pacific Basin, with a few reaching the tropical coasts of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. The Hawaiian Islands are home to ten ''Scaevola'' species, nine of which are endemic.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Selected Plants Found on Hawaii's Offshore Islets )〕 Eight of the indigenous species are the result of a single colonization event. ''Scaevola glabra'' and ''Scaevola taccada'' arrived separately to produce a total of three colonizations of Hawaii by ''Scaevola''. Some of the endemic species are of hybrid origin. Beach Naupaka (''Scaevola taccada'' synonym ''S. sericea'') occurs throughout the Pacific and Indian Oceans and is considered an invasive species in Florida, USA, and in some islands of the Caribbean including the Cayman Islands and the Bahamas. Beachberry or Inkberry (''Scaevola plumieri'') is widespread along the Atlantic coast of the tropical Americas and Africa; however, it is becoming rarer in areas where ''S. taccada'' is displacing native coastal plants. Most Australian ''Scaevola'' have dry fruits and sprawling, herbaceous to shrubby habits. By contrast, nearly all species outside Australia have shrub habits with fleshy fruit making dispersal by frugivores easy. The plant pathogenic sac fungus ''Mycosphaerella scaevolae'' was discovered on a ''Scaevola'' fan-flower. ==Selected species== (詳細はScaevola aemula'' R.Br. – Fairy Fan-flower or Common Fan-flower (Australia) * ''Scaevola albida'' R.Br. – White Fan-flower (Australia) * ''Scaevola amblyanthera'' F.Muell. * ''Scaevola brookeana'' F.Muell. * ''Scaevola chamissoniana'' Gaudich. ''Naupaka kuahiwi'' (Hawaii) * ''Scaevola chanii'' K.M.Wong (Malaysia) * ''Scaevola collaris'' F.Muell. * ''Scaevola coriacea'' Nutt. – Dwarf Naupaka (Hawaii) * ''Scaevola crassifolia'' Labill. – Thick-leaved Fan-flower (Australia) * ''Scaevola enantophylla'' F.Muell. * ''Scaevola floribunda'' A.Gray (Fiji) * ''Scaevola gaudichaudiana'' Cham. – Mountain Naupaka, ''Naupaka kuahiwi'' (Oahu and Kauai in Hawaii)〔Scott, Susan. 1991. ''Plants and Animals of Hawaii''. Bess Press.〕 * ''Scaevola gaudichaudii'' Hook. & Arn. – Ridgetop Naupaka (Hawaii) * ''Scaevola glabra'' Hook. & Arn. Ohe naupaka'' (Hawaii) * ''Scaevola gracilis'' * ''Scaevola hookeri'' (de Vriese) F.Muell. ex Hook.f. – Creeping Fan-flower or Alpine Fan-flower * ''Scaevola kilaueae'' O.Deg. – ''Huahekili uka'' (island of Hawaii) * ''Scaevola muluensis'' K.M.Wong (Malaysia) * ''Scaevola macrophylla'' * ''Scaevola oldfieldii'' F.Muell. * ''Scaevola oxyclona'' F.Muell. * ''Scaevola parvifolia'' F.Muell. ex Benth. * ''Scaevola phlebopetala'' F.Muell. * ''Scaevola platyphylla'' Lindl. – Broad-leaved Fanflower (Western Australia) * ''Scaevola plumieri'' (L.) Vahl – Beachberry, Waxy Bush, "inkberry" (Pantropical) * ''Scaevola porocarya'' F.Muell. * ''Scaevola procera'' Hillebr. – Forest Naupaka, ''Naupaka kuahiwi'' (Molokai and Kauai in Hawaii) * ''Scaevola ramosissima'' (Sm.) K.Krause * ''Scaevola socotraensis'' H.St.John (Yemen) * ''Scaevola spinescens'' R.Br. – Murrin murrin, poontoo, maroon bush, spiky fanflower (Australia) * ''Scaevola taccada'' (Gaertn.) Roxb. – Beach Naupaka, ''Naupaka kahakai'' (Hawaiian); ''ngahu'' (Tongan) (Pantropical) * ''Scaevola verticillata'' Leenh. (Malaysia) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Scaevola (plant)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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